When we first started roasting coffee, we used the air popcorn popper method. We learned about it from Sweet Maria’s, which in addition to selling green coffee beans, has a wealth of resources for home coffee roasters. We gradually refined our method, even making a DIY coffee bean cooler. We also tried out a lot of different types of beans, buying samplers from Sweet Maria’s and making notes on which flavor profiles we enjoyed. Eventually we outgrew the batch size limitations of the popper method and we purchased what is the gold standard of home coffee roasting: a Behmor 1600.
The Behmor can roast up to a pound of coffee at a time, and does so reliably without fuss. Newer models are programmable, but this one has a few preset roasting profiles. I use the default one pound setting and normally roast about 0.9 pounds of coffee at a time. The canister I use for coffee weighs about 0.2 pounds, so when I put it on the scale (it’s handy having a shipping scale nearby) I aim for 1.1 pounds. This smaller quantity roasts a little faster than a full pound would, and I have a wider time window to stop the roast when it gets to the stage I like.
The green coffee beans (which smell grassy, a bit like fresh hay) go in the roasting cage which gets put into the motor socket so that it can be rotated to toss the beans around for even roasting. After putting in the chaff catching tray, I start the roasting process.
The chaff is the papery membrane around the bean that comes off during the roasting process. Roasting creates quite a bit of smoke, and even though the Behmor has a smoke-suppression afterburner to reduce the amount of smoke, I prefer to roast outside.
Roasting takes about 20 minutes and the cooling cycle takes another 12 minutes. Because this is basically a toaster oven and fire hazard, it should be monitored during the roast. I take advantage of this half an hour in the sun to call my dad or catch up with friends. It’s an enforced break in my usual routine when I get to listen to the local birds and enjoy the changes in the sky through the seasons. When the roaster is done, I pull out the chaff tray and it’s quite a mess.
Most of the chaff is collected in the tray, but there’s some still mixed in with the beans, and it gets pretty much everywhere when you bring the roasting cage out. This is another good reason to roast outside. The chaff will just blow away in the breeze and joins the leaf litter below the shrubs that line our little parking lot.
I shake the roasting cage repeatedly until the amount of chaff dwindles, and then I can put the roasted beans into the canister for storage until I need need them.
There’s still chaff in the roaster in spite of the chaff catching tray. I blow it out of the roaster and sweep it out with a small clean basting brush.
Once the roaster is cleared of chaff I put it away for the next time.
The coffee loses a lot of its moisture during the roasting process, and reduces in weight by about 10% or so. It also increases in volume.
We have two to three people drinking coffee and use about two to three pounds of coffee a week. The flavor of roasted coffee starts to deteriorate about six or seven days after roasting. Since I’m roasting as needed two to three times a week, it never gets past about four days old.
As our coffee bean usage increased, we started buying our coffee 20 pounds at a time, but eventually realized that even that was seeming to be a little frequent. We had settled on the flavor profiles we enjoyed most, so we started purchasing 50 pound bags from Sweet Maria’s wholesale site, the Coffee Shrub. Green coffee has a long shelf life when stored well, so this means we don’t have to think about it very often. When you buy for several months at a time, you need to be confident that you will be happy with it. When we first got started, we didn’t know what we liked well enough to commit to purchasing at that scale, but we’re pretty set in our ways now.
Occasionally someone will really enjoy a cup of coffee I make for them and will say that I should start a coffee shop. It’s a well-intended sentiment, and I take it as a compliment. However, starting a coffee roasting business or coffee shop would take away many of the things that I love about coffee roasting. I only roast the kind of beans that we like, and I only roast as much as we need. And I get to use roasting as an excuse to take a break from my other responsibilities and enjoy being outside in our beautiful weather here.
I still enjoy trying other coffees. I love going to my favorite coffee shops and having someone else make me coffee. I love trying new coffee shops. And I get a lot of satisfaction from the coffee that I roast, grind, and brew myself.
If you’re interested in home roasting, I highly recommend Sweet Maria’s resources. In addition to working with farmers around the world to source beans equitably, they share their deep knowledge freely. They have articles, tutorials, and videos. They hold workshops at their warehouse in Oakland, and will be presenting at Maker Faire as they often have in the past.
This post makes me want to take up roasting beans myself. Mmm, coffee… Thanks for sharing!
Ah, the “you are so good at [hobby], you should make it a job!” comments.
I mean, if you don’t like your job, it’s worth stepping through the possibilities and ramifications, but if you do like your job even passably well, generally not. Turning almost anything into a business substantially alters the practical processes involved, as well as substantially altering the psychological processes involved; many people who try to turn beloved hobbies into jobs lose both their enjoyment of the hobby and income, and I think that’s a pity, and also think it’s an enormous pity that our culture is increasingly pressuring people to turn hobbies into businesses without regard for the practical or psychological results; some mix of assertive “do what you love!” and over-materialistic “only what brings in money is worthwhile” weirdness.
(that said, people who already work for themselves have better odds of knowing how turning an activity into a business might alter its character – and also whether they’re up for the additional administrative overhead of various kinds – so that’s a bonus.)
I usually don’t give people this screed. I just say thank you, because generally it’s primarily intended as a compliment. But if people persist or are pushy about it, I then tend to run a quick estimate in my head of the “if I had been paid minimum wage for every hour of design and physical work on this thing you’re admiring” money amount and tell them that math, at which point they usually blink and shut up. Or tell them the other thing I have discovered about myself: it is fun to design things for people who are grateful and enthusiastic and it is no fun to design things for people who are cranky and entitled; if you run a business, especially a business custom-making things, you will have to deal with the cranky entitled people as well as with the nice ones.
But really: being able to make very good coffee is not the same axis as enjoying running a coffee shop [or, for that matter, being good at it, although given you have small business success, your odds on that would be greater – and given you have small business experience, you’d at least have some concept of the additional administrative load, although food service would probably be… different]. I’m very in favor of small businesses, but I’m in favor of *informed* small businesses, not having tons and tons of people every year start up unsustainable, miserable small businesses and then crash and burn on what they most enjoyed doing, all because they were told that “following their passions” in precisely that way is the way to succeed… sigh.
(I also thoroughly enjoyed the details on how to roast coffee and the practicalities of various decisions! Thank you for this post!)
Yup, you get it! Glad you enjoyed the post.
not unlike knitting socks for friends/family – or sweaters for me – people have no clue how much time is involved. (They see the price in stores, and think that’s a reasonable price. For machine-made, mass-produced, with cheap labor, yes.) I tell them the cost of yarn for good stuff, and how many hours of time are involved, and they go away.
Lenore, both you and my wife can be credited with getting me into this new hobby. I roast frequently, and think of you often. We make it through 1+ lb per week. My order at Sweet Maria’s just made it to a 5 lb bag of Guatemalan beans, in addition to the other 13 lbs of other assorted 2 lb bags. Thanks for the article, and the inspiration. Ethan.
I have been happier doing a 3/4 pound of green coffee at the 1 pound setting in my Behmor for espresso. It seems to make a better product than a slower roast using more beans. Takes about 12 minutes to reach first crack.
I was talking with someone not long ago who hadn’t heard of reducing the bean quantity. I’m glad to hear that people play with that variable to get the roast they like.
Thanks for info on the Behmor roaster as I plan to order one 👍🏻
The 1600 isn’t available any longer. The current model, the 1600 plus, requires regular input during the roast to ensure human supervision., which annoyed some people. It is also programmable, so some folks like that.