Whoa! What the heck is that?
It turns out that it’s a flying testbed for new gear-driven turbofan jet engines being developed by Pratt & Whitney. While much can be done on fixed test stands, this lets them test the engines on a real aircraft at high altitude and under a wide variety of environmental conditions.
The little engine under test above— destined for smaller regional jets —is mounted to a “stub wing” on a specially-modified Boeing 747SP. That’s the same short-body model of 747 that NASA adapted for the SOFIA aircraft-based telescope. This particular aircraft is a full-time testbed at Pratt & Whitney; its main engines are larger versions of the little one under test.
These new gear-driven engines are interesting on their own; a gearbox between the main fan and the turbine allows each side to run at a more optimal speed, and promises a significant increase in overall efficiency.
Link: Test Flights Start for Titanium-Blade Engine @ Design News.
For more photos, take a look here: PurePower Engine photos
Honeywell has a 757 like that:
http://www.air-and-space.com/20100201%20PHX/_BEL5158%20757-225%20N757HW%20Honeywell%20right%20front%20take-off%20l.jpg
See also this 747 test mule for a 777 engine:
http://www.airliners.net/photo/326662/L/
The A380’s GP7200 engine was also tested on the 747: http://www.geaviation.com/press/gepw/images/GP7200_FirstFlight.jpg
Press release about the test flights: http://www.geaviation.com/press/gepw/gepw_20041207.html